Test 3 · ★★★ · Thinking like an astronomer

A boy says: «On the Moon I would be lighter because I would be smaller.» What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy · What happens: say, be · To what, where: Moon · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 10 «Thinking like an astronomer» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy says: «On the Moon I would be lighter because I would be smaller.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 lighter	punct
6	On	on	ADP	_	8 Moon	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Moon	det
8	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 lighter	obl
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 lighter	nsubj
10	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 lighter	aux
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 lighter	cop
12	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 says	ccomp
13	because	because	SCONJ	_	17 smaller	mark
14	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 smaller	nsubj
15	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 smaller	aux
16	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	17 smaller	cop
17	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 lighter	advcl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 lighter	punct
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 lighter	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a boy			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	would	a boy = boy	the Moon	light property	tree rules
3	is in a quote	would	a boy = boy		small property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

He would be heavier on the Moon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 heavier	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 heavier	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 heavier	cop
4	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 Moon	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Moon	det
7	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 heavier	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	He			the Moon		heavy property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He stays the same size; only the pull of gravity is weaker

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stays	nsubj
2	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 size	det
4	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 size	amod
5	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stays	obj
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 weaker	punct
7	only	only	ADV	_	9 pull	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 pull	det
9	pull	pull	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 weaker	nsubj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 gravity	case
11	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pull	nmod
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 weaker	cop
13	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 stays	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	stay	present	He	the same size		vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme size=Location
2	is	present	the pull of gravity		weak property	tree rules
3	pull			gravity		nom pull «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

Nothing is wrong; people really do shrink a little on the Moon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 shrink	punct
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 shrink	nsubj
6	really	really	ADV	_	8 shrink	advmod
7	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 shrink	aux
8	shrink	shrink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 wrong	parataxis
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 little	det
10	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 shrink	obj
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 Moon	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Moon	det
13	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 shrink	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Nothing					wrong property	tree rules
2	shrink	present · do-support	people	a little		the Moon			vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent little=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The Moon has stronger gravity than the Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 gravity	amod
5	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 Earth	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Earth	det
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 gravity	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the Moon	stronger gravity				than the Earth	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gravity=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/10-reasoning-about-space/t3/