Test 5 · ★★★ · Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet
Lightning and thunder happen together, but you see the flash before you hear the thunder. What does this show about radio waves, which travel like light?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Lightning, you, this, radio waves · What happens: happen, see, hear, show, travel · To what, where: flash, thunder
This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 100 «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Lightning and thunder happen together, but you see the flash before you hear the thunder.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 happen | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 thunder | cc |
| 3 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Lightning | conj |
| 4 | happen | happen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | together | together | ADV | _ | 4 happen | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 see | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 see | cc |
| 8 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 see | nsubj |
| 9 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 happen | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 flash | det |
| 11 | flash | flash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 see | obj |
| 12 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 14 hear | mark |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 hear | nsubj |
| 14 | hear | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 see | advcl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 thunder | det |
| 16 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 hear | obj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 happen | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | infinitive | Lightning and thunder | together property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | present | you | the flash | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer flash=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | hear | present | you | the thunder | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thunder=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What does this show about radio waves, which travel like light?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 show | obj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 show | aux |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 show | nsubj |
| 4 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | about | about | ADP | _ | 7 waves | case |
| 6 | radio | radio | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 waves | compound |
| 7 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 show | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 travel | punct |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 travel | nsubj |
| 10 | travel | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 waves | acl:relcl |
| 11 | like | like | ADP | _ | 12 light | case |
| 12 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 travel | obl |
| 13 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 show | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present · do-support | this | about radio waves | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent what=Recipient about wave=Topic | ||||
| 2 | travel | present | radio waves | like light | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
They travel at the speed of sound
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 travel | nsubj |
| 2 | travel | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 speed | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 speed | det |
| 5 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 travel | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 sound | case |
| 7 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 speed | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | travel | present | They | the speed of sound | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at speed=Trajectory |
Option 2
They cannot travel through air
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 travel | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 travel | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 travel | advmod |
| 4 | travel | travel | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 6 air | case |
| 6 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 travel | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not travel | can | They | air | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through air=Trajectory |
Option 3
They are slower than sound
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 slower | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 slower | cop |
| 3 | slower | slow | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 4 | than | than | ADP | _ | 5 sound | case |
| 5 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 slower | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | They | than sound; slow property | tree rules |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
They are much faster than sound
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 sound | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 sound | cop |
| 3 | much | much | ADV | _ | 4 faster | advmod |
| 4 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 6 sound | advmod |
| 5 | than | than | ADP | _ | 6 sound | case |
| 6 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | They | than sound; fast property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/t5/