Exam question 4 · Morning, afternoon and the 24-hour clock

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the abbreviation "pm".

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, abbreviation

This is exam question 4 of lesson 103 «Morning, afternoon and the 24-hour clock» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 abbreviation	det
13	abbreviation	abbreviation	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 pm	punct
15	pm	p.m.	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 abbreviation	appos
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 pm	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the abbreviation		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus abbreviation=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It denotes midnight exclusively

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	midnight	midnight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 denotes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It				midnight	exclusively property	vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It denotes a time after midday

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 time	det
4	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
5	after	after	ADP	_	6 midday	case
6	midday	midday	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It				after midday; time		vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot

Option 3

It denotes the twenty-four-hour clock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 clock	det
4	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 hour	nummod
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 twenty	punct
6	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 twenty	conj
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 twenty	punct
8	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 clock	compound
9	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	the hour clock					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot clock=Topic

Option 4

It denotes a time before midday

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 time	det
4	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
5	before	before	ADP	_	6 midday	case
6	midday	midday	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It				before midday; time		vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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