Exam question 4 · Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the world record for one hundred metres set in 2009?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, set · To what, where: world record, hundred metres, 2009

This is exam question 4 of lesson 105 «Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 record	det
10	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 record	compound
11	record	record	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	for	for	ADP	_	15 metres	case
13	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 hundred	compound
14	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 metres	nummod
15	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 record	nmod
16	set	set	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 metres	acl
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 2009	case
18	2009	2009	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 set	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the world record		of the following statements; for hundred metres; accurately property	tree rules
3	set	participle	hundred metres not said here	2009		vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in 2009=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It stands at 10.58 seconds, achieved by Usain Bolt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stands	nsubj
2	stands	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 seconds	case
4	10.58	10.58	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 seconds	nummod
5	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stands	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 achieved	punct
7	achieved	achieve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 seconds	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 Usain	case
9	Usain	Usain	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 achieved	obl:agent
10	Bolt	Bolt	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Usain	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	present	It				second		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	achieve	participle		10.58 seconds not said here					vn complete-55.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It stands at 9.58 minutes, achieved by Usain Bolt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stands	nsubj
2	stands	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 minutes	case
4	9.58	9.58	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 minutes	nummod
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stands	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 achieved	punct
7	achieved	achieve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 minutes	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 Usain	case
9	Usain	Usain	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 achieved	obl:agent
10	Bolt	Bolt	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Usain	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	present	It				minute		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	achieve	participle		9.58 minutes not said here					vn complete-55.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It stands at 12.4 seconds, achieved by a child

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stands	nsubj
2	stands	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 seconds	case
4	12.4	12.4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 seconds	nummod
5	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stands	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 achieved	punct
7	achieved	achieve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 seconds	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 child	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 child	det
10	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 achieved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	present	It				second		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	achieve	participle		12.4 seconds not said here				by a child	vn complete-55.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It stands at 9.58 seconds, achieved by Usain Bolt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stands	nsubj
2	stands	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 seconds	case
4	9.58	9.58	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 seconds	nummod
5	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stands	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 achieved	punct
7	achieved	achieve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 seconds	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 Usain	case
9	Usain	Usain	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 achieved	obl:agent
10	Bolt	Bolt	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Usain	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	present	It				second		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	achieve	participle		9.58 seconds not said here					vn complete-55.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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