Exam question 3 · Late and early: being where you need to be on time
Identify the principal meaning of the remark "Glad you could join us" when addressed to a pupil arriving late.
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Glad, pupil · What happens: identify, join, address, arrive, mean · To what, where: principal meaning, us, remark
This is exam question 3 of lesson 106 «Late and early: being where you need to be on time» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 meaning | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 meaning | amod |
| 4 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 remark | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 remark | det |
| 7 | remark | remark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 meaning | nmod |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 join | punct |
| 9 | Glad | Glad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 join | nsubj |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 join | nsubj |
| 11 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 join | aux |
| 12 | join | join | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 remark | appos |
| 13 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 join | obj |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 join | punct |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 addressed | advmod |
| 16 | addressed | address | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Identify | advcl |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 pupil | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 pupil | det |
| 19 | pupil | pupil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 addressed | obl |
| 20 | arriving | arrive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 pupil | acl |
| 21 | late | late | ADV | Degree=Pos | 20 arriving | advmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal meaning of the remark | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent meaning=Theme | ||||
| 2 | join in a quote | could | Glad | us | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient | ||||
| 3 | address | participle | you not said here | to a pupil | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | arrive | gerund | a pupil not said here | late property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | mean | the remark | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ✓ the right answer
It is sarcasm signifying disapproval of the lateness
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 sarcasm | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 sarcasm | cop |
| 3 | sarcasm | sarcasm | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | signifying | signify | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 sarcasm | acl |
| 5 | disapproval | disapproval | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 signifying | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 lateness | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 lateness | det |
| 8 | lateness | lateness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 disapproval | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | sarcasm | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | signify | gerund | sarcasm not said here | disapproval of the lateness | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot disapproval=Theme | ||||
| 3 | disapprove | the lateness | nom disapproval «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
Option 2
It is sincere gratitude for punctual attendance
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 gratitude | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 gratitude | cop |
| 3 | sincere | sincere | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 gratitude | amod |
| 4 | gratitude | gratitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 attendance | case |
| 6 | punctual | punctual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 attendance | amod |
| 7 | attendance | attendance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gratitude | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | sincere gratitude | for punctual attendance | tree rules |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
It is a commendation for arriving early
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 commendation | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 commendation | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 commendation | det |
| 4 | commendation | commendation | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 6 arriving | mark |
| 6 | arriving | arrive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 commendation | acl |
| 7 | early | early | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 arriving | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a commendation | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | arrive | gerund | a commendation not said here | early property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
It is an invitation to depart forthwith
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 invitation | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 invitation | cop |
| 3 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 invitation | det |
| 4 | invitation | invitation | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 depart | mark |
| 6 | depart | depart | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 invitation | acl |
| 7 | forthwith | forthwith | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 depart | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a invitation | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | depart | to-infinitive | forthwith property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/106-late-and-early-being-on-time/e3/