Test 2 · Seasons, terms and holidays

A cartoon says winter comes when the Earth moves far from the Sun. Put it right.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: cartoon, winter, Earth · What happens: say, come, move, put · To what, where: Earth · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 of lesson 113 «Seasons, terms and holidays» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 comes	nsubj
5	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
6	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 moves	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Earth	det
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 moves	nsubj
9	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 Put	advcl
10	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 moves	advmod
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 Sun.	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Sun.	det
13	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Put	obl
14	Put	put	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 comes	advcl
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 Put	obj
16	right	right	ADV	_	14 Put	advmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a cartoon				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	come	present	winter				vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	move	present	the Earth			far property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4	put	infinitive	winter not said here	Earth	sunday	right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Winter comes from the Earth's tilt, not its distance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	7 tilt	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Earth	det
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 tilt	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 Earth	case
7	tilt	tilt	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 distance	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 distance	advmod
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 distance	nmod:poss
11	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tilt	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Winter			the Earth's tilt			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from tilt=Initial_Location
2	tilt		the Earth						nom tilt «event intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

Winter comes when the Moon blocks the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	when	when	SCONJ	_	6 blocks	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Moon	det
5	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 blocks	nsubj
6	blocks	block	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 comes	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Sun	det
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 blocks	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Winter						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	block	present	the Moon	the Sun					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer sun=Theme

Option 3

Winter comes when the Earth stops spinning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 stops	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Earth	det
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 stops	nsubj
6	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 comes	advcl
7	spinning	spin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 stops	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	come	present	Winter	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	stop	present	the Earth	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
3	spin	gerund	the Earth not said here	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Winter comes when the Sun gets smaller

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 gets	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Sun	det
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 gets	nsubj
6	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 comes	advcl
7	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 gets	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Winter						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	get	present	the Sun					small property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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