Exam question 3 · Other calendars: Chinese New Year, Islamic and Jewish cale…

Identify the principal reason for which Rosh Hashanah invariably occurs in September or October.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, Rosh · What happens: identify, occur · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 3 of lesson 117 «Other calendars: Chinese New Year, Islamic and Jewish calendars, and Christmas in Ukraine» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 occurs	obl
7	Rosh	Rosh	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 occurs	nsubj
8	Hashanah	Hashanah	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Rosh	flat
9	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	10 occurs	advmod
10	occurs	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	parataxis
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 September	case
12	September	September	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 occurs	obl
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 October	cc
14	October	October	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 September	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	occur	present	Rosh				september	for the principal reason; invariably property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

An additional month is inserted in certain years, keeping the calendar in step with the Sun

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 month	det
2	additional	additional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 month	amod
3	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 inserted	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 inserted	aux:pass
5	inserted	insert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 years	case
7	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 years	amod
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 inserted	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 keeping	punct
10	keeping	keep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 inserted	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 calendar	det
12	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 keeping	obj
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 step	case
14	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 keeping	obl
15	with	with	ADP	_	17 Sun	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Sun	det
17	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 step	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	insert	present · passive		a additional month			year		vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	keep	gerund		the calendar				in step with the Sun	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent calendar=Theme in step=Location

Option 2

The Jewish calendar disregards the Moon entirely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 calendar	det
2	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 calendar	amod
3	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 disregards	nsubj
4	disregards	disregard	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Moon	det
6	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 disregards	obj
7	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	4 disregards	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disregard	present	the Jewish calendar	the Moon				entirely property	vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moon=Theme

Option 3

The festival is observed only once in every nineteen years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 festival	det
2	festival	festival	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 observed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 observed	aux:pass
4	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	6 once	advmod
6	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 observed	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 years	case
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 years	det
9	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 years	nummod
10	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 observed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe	present · passive		the festival			year	once property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic

Option 4

The festival is fixed by law upon the first of September

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 festival	det
2	festival	festival	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fixed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fixed	aux:pass
4	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 law	case
6	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fixed	obl
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 first	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 first	det
9	first	first	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	4 fixed	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 September	case
11	September	September	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 first	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	present · passive	law	the festival				upon the first of September	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/117-other-calendars/e3/