Exam question 1 · The Moon's month and the year round the Sun

Identify the principal cause of the phases of the Moon.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, cause · To what, where: principal cause, phases

This is exam question 1 of lesson 119 «The Moon's month and the year round the Sun» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cause	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cause	amod
4	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 phases	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 phases	det
7	phases	phase	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cause	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 Moon	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Moon	det
10	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 phases	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal cause of the phases of the Moon					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme
2	cause			the phases of the Moon					nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The varying portion of its sunlit half visible from the Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 portion	det
2	varying	vary	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 portion	amod
3	portion	portion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 visible	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 half	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 half	nmod:poss
6	sunlit	sunlit	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 half	amod
7	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	3 portion	nmod
8	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 Earth	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Earth	det
11	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 visible	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	vary	gerund							vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 2

The partial obscuring of the Moon by clouds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 partial	det
2	partial	partial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	obscuring	obscure	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 partial	advcl
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 Moon	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Moon	det
6	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 obscuring	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 clouds	case
8	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 obscuring	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	obscure	gerund						of the Moon; by clouds	vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The shadow cast upon it by the Earth each night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shadow	det
2	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cast	nsubj
3	cast	cast	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 it	case
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 cast	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 Earth	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Earth	det
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 cast	obl
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 night	det
10	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cast	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cast	past	the shadow			it	night	by the Earth	vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent upon it=Destination

Option 4

The varying quantity of light produced within the Moon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 quantity	det
2	varying	vary	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 quantity	amod
3	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 light	case
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 quantity	nmod
6	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 quantity	acl
7	within	within	ADP	_	9 Moon	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Moon	det
9	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 produced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	vary	gerund							vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	produce	participle		the varying quantity of light not said here				within the Moon	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/119-moon-month-and-year/e1/