Exam question 4 · The date line and summer time: clocks going forward and back

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the origin of summer time in Britain?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: origin

This is exam question 4 of lesson 121 «The date line and summer time: clocks going forward and back» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 origin	det
10	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 time	case
12	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 time	compound
13	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 origin	nmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 Britain	case
15	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 time	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the origin of summer time in Britain				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It was decreed by Pope Gregory the Thirteenth for all Christendom in 1582

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 decreed	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 decreed	aux:pass
3	decreed	decree	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 Gregory	case
5	Pope	Pope	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Gregory	compound
6	Gregory	Gregory	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 decreed	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Thirteenth	det
8	Thirteenth	thirteenth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 decreed	obj
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 Christendom	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 Christendom	det
11	Christendom	Christendom	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Thirteenth	nmod
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 1582	case
13	1582	1582	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 decreed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decree	past · passive	Pope Gregory	It		1582			vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme thirteenth=Result

Option 2

It was devised in 1884 at the International Meridian Conference in Washington

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 devised	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 devised	aux:pass
3	devised	devise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 1884	case
5	1884	1884	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 devised	obl
6	at	at	ADP	_	10 Conference	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Conference	det
8	International	International	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Conference	amod
9	Meridian	Meridian	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Conference	compound
10	Conference	Conference	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 devised	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 Washington	case
12	Washington	Washington	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Conference	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	devise	past · passive		It		1884		at the International Meridian Conference in Washington	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It was advocated from 1907 by William Willett and adopted in 1916

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 advocated	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 advocated	aux:pass
3	advocated	advocate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 1907	case
5	1907	1907	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 advocated	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 William	case
7	William	William	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 advocated	obl:agent
8	Willett	Willett	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 William	flat
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 adopted	cc
10	adopted	adopt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 advocated	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 1916	case
12	1916	1916	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 adopted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	advocate	past · passive	William	It		1907			tree rules
2	adopt	participle	William not said here			1916			vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It was adopted in 1752 together with the Gregorian calendar in Britain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 adopted	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 adopted	aux:pass
3	adopted	adopt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 1752	case
5	1752	1752	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 adopted	obl
6	together	together	ADV	_	3 adopted	advmod
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 calendar	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 calendar	det
9	Gregorian	gregorian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 calendar	amod
10	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 adopted	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 Britain	case
12	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 calendar	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	adopt	past · passive		It		1752		with the Gregorian calendar in Britain; together property	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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