Exam question 3 · Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the origin of the word "clock".

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, origin

This is exam question 3 of lesson 122 «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 origin	det
11	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 word	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 word	det
14	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 origin	nmod
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 clock	punct
16	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 word	appos
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 clock	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the origin of the word		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus origin=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It derives from an old word signifying "water thief"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derives	nsubj
2	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 word	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 word	det
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 word	amod
6	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obl
7	signifying	signify	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 word	acl
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 thief	punct
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 thief	compound
10	thief	thief	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 signifying	obj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 thief	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	It			a old word			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from word=Material
2	signify	gerund	a old word not said here	water thief					vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thief=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It derives from an old word signifying "bell"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derives	nsubj
2	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 word	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 word	det
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 word	amod
6	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obl
7	signifying	signify	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 word	acl
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 bell	punct
9	bell	bell	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 signifying	obj
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 bell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	It			a old word			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from word=Material
2	signify	gerund	a old word not said here	bell					vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bell=Theme

Option 3

It derives from an old word signifying "shadow"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derives	nsubj
2	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 word	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 word	det
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 word	amod
6	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obl
7	signifying	signify	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 word	acl
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 shadow	punct
9	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 signifying	obj
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 shadow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	It			a old word			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from word=Material
2	signify	gerund	a old word not said here	shadow					vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot shadow=Theme

Option 4

It derives from the name of an ancient Egyptian king

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derives	nsubj
2	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 name	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 name	det
5	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	10 king	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 king	det
8	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 king	amod
9	Egyptian	Egyptian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 king	amod
10	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 name	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	It			the name of a ancient Egyptian king			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from name=Material
2	name			a ancient Egyptian king					nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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