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Test 7 · Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and…

A pirate cartoon shows the captain ringing "8 bells" because it's 8 o'clock. What did 8 bells really mean?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: pirate cartoon, captain, cartoon, 8 bells · What happens: show, ring, be, mean · To what, where: captain, 8 bells, 8 o'clock

This is test 7 of lesson 122 «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A pirate cartoon shows the captain ringing "8 bells" because it's 8 o'clock.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
2	pirate	pirate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cartoon	compound
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	nsubj
4	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 captain	det
6	captain	captain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	obj
7	ringing	ring	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 captain	acl
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 bells	punct
9	8	8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 bells	nummod
10	bells	bell	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 ringing	obj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 bells	punct
12	because	because	SCONJ	_	16 o'clock	mark
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 o'clock	nsubj
14	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 o'clock	cop
15	8	8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 o'clock	nummod
16	o'clock	o'clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ringing	advcl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a pirate cartoon	the captain					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent captain=Recipient
2	ring	gerund	the captain not said here	8 bells					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bell=Theme
3	is a	present	cartoon	8 o'clock					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What did 8 bells really mean?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 mean	obj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 mean	aux
3	8	8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 bells	nummod
4	bells	bell	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 mean	nsubj
5	really	really	ADV	_	6 mean	advmod
6	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	past · do-support	8 bells						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It was exactly eight o'clock in the morning on the ship

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 o'clock	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 o'clock	cop
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	5 o'clock	advmod
4	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 o'clock	nummod
5	o'clock	o'clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 morning	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 morning	det
8	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 o'clock	nmod
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 ship	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ship	det
11	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 o'clock	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	eight o'clock		the ship	morning	exactly property	tree rules

Option 2

Eight enemy ships had just been spotted on the horizon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 ships	nummod
2	enemy	enemy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ships	compound
3	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 spotted	nsubj:pass
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 spotted	aux
5	just	just	ADV	_	7 spotted	advmod
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 spotted	aux:pass
7	spotted	spot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 horizon	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 horizon	det
10	horizon	horizon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 spotted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spot	past · perfect · passive		Eight enemy ships		the horizon			vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

8 half-hours had passed: the end of a 4-hour watch

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	8	8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 hours	nummod
2	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	4 hours	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 half	punct
4	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 passed	nsubj:pass
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 passed	aux
6	passed	pass	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 end	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 end	det
9	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 passed	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	15 watch	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 watch	det
12	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 hour	nummod
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 4	punct
14	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 watch	compound
15	watch	watch	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 end	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	past · perfect · passive		8 half hours			the end of a hour watch		vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory

Option 4

Eight sailors were needed up on deck to help straight away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 sailors	nummod
2	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 needed	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 needed	aux:pass
4	needed	need	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 needed	compound:prt
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 deck	case
7	deck	deck	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 needed	obl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 help	mark
9	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 needed	advcl
10	straight	straight	ADV	_	11 away	advmod
11	away	away	ADV	_	9 help	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need up	past · passive		Eight sailors		deck			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme
2	help	to-infinitive						away property	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/t7/