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Test 9 · Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and…

Ruby, from Liverpool: "A clock with one hand? How'd they know the minutes, la?" ("La" means lad or mate.) What's true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: they, La · What happens: know, mean, be · To what, where: lad

This is test 9 of lesson 122 «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ruby, from Liverpool: "A clock with one hand?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 clock	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 Liverpool	punct
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 Liverpool	case
4	Liverpool	Liverpool	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Ruby	nmod
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 clock	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 clock	punct
7	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 clock	det
8	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 hand	case
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 hand	nummod
11	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 clock	nmod
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 clock	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 2: How'd they know the minutes, la?"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 know	advmod
2	'd	'd	PUNCT	_	4 know	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 know	nsubj
4	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 la	advcl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 minutes	det
6	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 know	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 know	punct
8	la	la	X	Foreign=Yes	root	root
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 la	punct
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 la	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present	they				minute		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Sentence 3: ("La" means lad or mate.)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 La	punct
3	La	La	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 means	nsubj
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 La	punct
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	lad	lad	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 means	obj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 mate	cc
8	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lad	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
10	)	)	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	La	lad or mate					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lad=Topic

Sentence 4: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The single hand showed only the minutes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 hand	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hand	amod
3	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 showed	nsubj
4	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	7 minutes	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 minutes	det
7	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 showed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past	the single hand				minute		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Nobody had heard of hours back then

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 heard	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 heard	aux
3	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 hours	case
5	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 heard	obl
6	back	back	ADV	_	3 heard	advmod
7	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 heard	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear back	past · perfect	Nobody				then; hour		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They didn't need exact minutes; "about half past" was fine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 need	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 need	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 need	advmod
4	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	exact	exact	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 minutes	amod
6	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 need	obj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 past	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 past	punct
9	about	about	ADV	_	10 half	advmod
10	half	half	DET	NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind	11 past	det:predet
11	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 fine	nsubj
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 past	punct
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 fine	cop
14	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 need	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not need	past · do-support	They				minute		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
2	is	past	half past					fine property	tree rules

Option 4

They kept a second clock just for minutes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 kept	nsubj
2	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 clock	det
4	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	5 clock	amod
5	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 kept	obj
6	just	just	ADV	_	2 kept	advmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 minutes	case
8	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 kept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	past	They	a second clock			minute		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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