Exam question 1 · Pendulums, Greenwich and railway time, atomic clocks and p…

Identify the property of the pendulum observed by Galileo.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, observe · To what, where: property, pendulum

This is exam question 1 of lesson 123 «Pendulums, Greenwich and railway time, atomic clocks and phones» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 property	det
3	property	property	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 pendulum	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 pendulum	det
6	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 property	nmod
7	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 pendulum	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 Galileo	case
9	Galileo	Galileo	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 observed	obl:agent
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the property of the pendulum					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent property=Theme
2	observe	participle		the pendulum not said here					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The period of a swing is the same whether the swing be large or small

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 period	det
2	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 same	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 swing	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 swing	det
5	swing	swing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 period	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 same	cop
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 same	det
8	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	13 large	mark
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 swing	det
11	swing	swing	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 large	nsubj
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 large	cop
13	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 same	advcl
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 small	cc
15	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 large	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	the period of a swing	same property	tree rules
2	is	infinitive	the swing	large property	tree rules
3	be		the swing not said here		tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

A pendulum ceases to swing after one minute

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pendulum	det
2	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ceases	nsubj
3	ceases	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 swing	mark
5	swing	swing	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 ceases	xcomp
6	after	after	ADP	_	8 minute	case
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 minute	nummod
8	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 swing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	present	a pendulum						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	swing	to-infinitive	a pendulum not said here				minute		vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Option 3

A pendulum swings more rapidly in the evening

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pendulum	det
2	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swings	nsubj
3	swings	swing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 rapidly	advmod
5	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	3 swings	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 evening	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 evening	det
8	evening	evening	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swings	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swing	present	a pendulum				evening	rapidly property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Option 4

The period of a swing doubles whenever the swing becomes twice as large

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 period	det
2	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 doubles	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 swing	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 swing	det
5	swing	swing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 period	nmod
6	doubles	double	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	whenever	whenever	SCONJ	_	10 becomes	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 swing	det
9	swing	swing	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 becomes	nsubj
10	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 doubles	advcl
11	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	13 large	advmod
12	as	as	ADV	_	13 large	advmod
13	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 becomes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	double	present	the period of a swing						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	become	present	the swing					large property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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