Exam question 2 · BC and AD, dinosaurs and pyramids, and timelines

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the year designated zero.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, year · What happens: select, establish, concern, designate · To what, where: response, zero

This is exam question 2 of lesson 125 «BC and AD, dinosaurs and pyramids, and timelines» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 year	det
11	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 designated	nsubj
12	designated	designate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 concerning	ccomp
13	zero	zero	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 designated	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here			tree rules
4	designate	past	the year	zero		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent zero=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is the year in which the Julian calendar was first instituted by Caesar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 year	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 year	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 year	det
4	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 instituted	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 calendar	det
8	Julian	Julian	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 calendar	compound
9	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 instituted	nsubj:pass
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 instituted	aux:pass
11	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	12 instituted	advmod
12	instituted	institute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 year	acl:relcl
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 Caesar	case
14	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 instituted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the year					tree rules
2	institute	past · passive	Caesar	the Julian calendar			in the year	first property	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No such year exists, the year 1 BC being immediately succeeded by AD 1

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	3 year	det
2	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 year	amod
3	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 exists	nsubj
4	exists	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 succeeded	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 BC	det
7	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 BC	compound
8	1	1	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 year	flat
9	BC	BC	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 succeeded	nsubj:pass
10	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 succeeded	aux:pass
11	immediately	immediately	ADV	_	12 succeeded	advmod
12	succeeded	succeed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 exists	conj
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 AD	case
14	AD	ad	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 succeeded	obl
15	1	1	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 AD	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	no such year						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	succeed	gerund · passive	AD	the year BC				immediately property	tree rules

Option 3

It is the first year of the Common Era

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 year	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 year	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 year	det
4	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	5 year	amod
5	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 Era	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Era	det
8	Common	Common	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Era	compound
9	Era	Era	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 year	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the first year				of the Common Era	tree rules

Option 4

It is the year of the completion of the Great Pyramid

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 year	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 year	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 year	det
4	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 completion	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 completion	det
7	completion	completion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 year	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 Pyramid	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Pyramid	det
10	Great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 Pyramid	amod
11	Pyramid	Pyramid	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 completion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the year				of the completion of the Great Pyramid	tree rules
2	complete			the Great Pyramid					nom completion «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/125-bc-ad-dinosaurs-pyramids-timelines/e2/