Test 11 · ★★★ · BC and AD, dinosaurs and pyramids, and timelines

Josh's mate: "Aliens built Stonehenge, 100%." Josh: "Nah, people with ropes and wood, ya muppet." What's the best reason Josh is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, best reason, Josh · What happens: build, be · To what, where: Stonehenge, best reason

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 125 «BC and AD, dinosaurs and pyramids, and timelines» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Josh's mate: "Aliens built Stonehenge, 100%."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Josh	Josh	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 mate	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Josh	case
3	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 built	nsubj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 Aliens	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 Aliens	punct
6	Aliens	alien	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 built	nsubj
7	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	Stonehenge	Stonehenge	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 built	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 %	punct
10	100	100	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 %	nummod
11	%	%	SYM	Number=Sing	7 built	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 %	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 %	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build in a quote	past	Josh's mate		Stonehenge				vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset stonehenge=Beneficiary %=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Josh: "Nah, people with ropes and wood, ya muppet."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Josh	Josh	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 people	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 people	punct
4	Nah	nah	INTJ	_	6 people	discourse
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 Nah	punct
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Josh	appos
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 ropes	case
8	ropes	rope	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 people	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 wood	cc
10	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 people	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 muppet	punct
12	ya	ya	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 muppet	compound
13	muppet	muppet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 people	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Josh	punct
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 Josh	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 3: What's the best reason Josh is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reason	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 reason	amod
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	Josh	Josh	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 right	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 right	cop
8	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 reason	acl:relcl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best reason						tree rules
2	is	present	Josh	the best reason not said here				right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Archaeologists found the builders' tools, homes and bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 found	nsubj
2	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 builders	det
4	builders	builder	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 tools	nmod:poss
5	'	's	PART	_	4 builders	case
6	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 found	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 homes	punct
8	homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 tools	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 bones	cc
10	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 tools	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past	Archaeologists	the builders's tools and homes and bones					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Topic

Option 2

Stonehenge was only built last century, so no aliens were needed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stonehenge	Stonehenge	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 built	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 built	aux:pass
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 built	advmod
4	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 century	amod
6	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 built	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 needed	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	12 needed	advmod
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 aliens	det
10	aliens	alien	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 needed	nsubj:pass
11	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 needed	aux:pass
12	needed	need	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 built	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past · passive		Stonehenge			century		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	need	past · passive		no aliens					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme

Option 3

Aliens are too short to lift such big, heavy stones on their own

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Aliens	alien	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 short	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 short	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 short	advmod
4	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 lift	mark
6	lift	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 short	advcl
7	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 stones	amod
8	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 stones	amod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 big	punct
10	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 stones	amod
11	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lift	obj
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 own	case
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 own	nmod:poss
14	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 lift	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Aliens					short property	tree rules
2	lift	to-infinitive	Aliens not said here	such big heavy stones		Aliens's own			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme on own=Destination

Option 4

Stonehenge is made of wood, not stone, so it was easy for anyone

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stonehenge	Stonehenge	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 wood	case
5	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 stone	punct
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 stone	advmod
8	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wood	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 easy	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	13 easy	advmod
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 easy	expl
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 easy	cop
13	easy	easy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 made	conj
14	for	for	ADP	_	15 anyone	case
15	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	13 easy	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Stonehenge				of wood and stone	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	is	past						for anyone; easy property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/125-bc-ad-dinosaurs-pyramids-timelines/t11/