Exam question 3 · "In the olden days": Grandad's 1990

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phenomenon designated inflation?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, designate · To what, where: phenomenon

This is exam question 3 of lesson 126 «"In the olden days": Grandad's 1990» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 phenomenon	det
10	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 inflation	amod
12	inflation	inflation	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 phenomenon	conj
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the phenomenon and designated inflation	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	designate	participle			vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A general increase in prices over a period of time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 increase	det
2	general	general	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 increase	amod
3	increase	increase	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 prices	case
5	prices	price	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 increase	nmod
6	over	over	ADP	_	8 period	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 period	det
8	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 increase	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 time	case
10	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 period	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

The printing of banknotes in brighter colours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 printing	det
2	printing	printing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 banknotes	case
4	banknotes	banknote	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 printing	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 colours	case
6	brighter	bright	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 colours	amod
7	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 printing	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	print			banknotes		brighter colours			nom printing «communication transitive»: of=patient in=place

Option 3

A general reduction in prices over a period of time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 reduction	det
2	general	general	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 reduction	amod
3	reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 prices	case
5	prices	price	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reduction	nmod
6	over	over	ADP	_	8 period	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 period	det
8	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reduction	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 time	case
10	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 period	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

The closure of shops at an earlier hour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 closure	det
2	closure	closure	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 shops	case
4	shops	shop	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 closure	nmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 hour	case
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 hour	det
7	earlier	early	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 hour	amod
8	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shops	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	close		shops at a earlier hour						nom closure «act intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/126-in-the-olden-days/e3/