Exam question 1 · Growing up: ages of people and pets, and the "dog years" m…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the rule whereby the age of a dog is multiplied by seven?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, multiply · To what, where: rule, age

This is exam question 1 of lesson 128 «Growing up: ages of people and pets, and the "dog years" myth» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 rule	det
10	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	whereby	whereby	ADV	PronType=Int	18 multiplied	advmod
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 age	det
13	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 multiplied	nsubj:pass
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 dog	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 dog	det
16	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 age	nmod
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 multiplied	aux:pass
18	multiplied	multiply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 rule	acl
19	by	by	ADP	_	20 seven	case
20	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 multiplied	obl
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the rule	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	multiply	present · passive	the age of a dog	by seven; whereby property	vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: subject=Theme by seven=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It applies to cats but not to dogs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 applies	nsubj
2	applies	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	4 cats	case
4	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 applies	obl
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 dogs	cc
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 dogs	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 dogs	case
8	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cats	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present	It					to cats but dogs	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It is an oversimplification, dogs maturing rapidly at first and more slowly thereafter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 oversimplification	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 oversimplification	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 oversimplification	det
4	oversimplification	oversimplification	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 dogs	punct
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 oversimplification	appos
7	maturing	mature	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 dogs	acl
8	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	7 maturing	advmod
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 first	case
10	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 maturing	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 slowly	cc
12	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	13 slowly	advmod
13	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	4 oversimplification	conj
14	thereafter	thereafter	ADV	_	13 slowly	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a oversimplification					tree rules
2	mature	gerund	dogs not said here					rapidly property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It was established by law in the year 1907

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 established	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 established	aux:pass
3	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 law	case
5	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 established	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 year	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 year	det
8	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 established	obl
9	1907	1907	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 year	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	establish	past · passive	law	It			year		vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 4

It is exact for dogs of every size and breed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 exact	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 exact	cop
3	exact	exact	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 dogs	case
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 exact	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 size	case
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 size	det
8	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dogs	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 breed	cc
10	breed	breed	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 size	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					for dogs of every size and breed; exact property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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