Exam question 1 · Being on time around the world, waiting your turn and dead…

Identify the principal reason for which the early departure of a train is regarded in Japan as a failure.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, train · What happens: identify, regard, depart · To what, where: principal reason, early departure, Japan

This is exam question 1 of lesson 129 «Being on time around the world, waiting your turn and deadlines» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 regarded	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 departure	det
8	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 departure	amod
9	departure	departure	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 regarded	nsubj:pass
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 train	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 train	det
12	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 departure	nmod
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 regarded	aux:pass
14	regarded	regard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Japan	case
16	Japan	Japan	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 regarded	obl
17	as	as	ADP	_	19 failure	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 failure	det
19	failure	failure	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 regarded	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	regard	present · passive		the early departure of a train	Japan	for the principal reason; as a failure	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for which=Attribute
3	depart		a train				nom departure «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Early departure contravenes the speed limits of the railway

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 departure	amod
2	departure	departure	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contravenes	nsubj
3	contravenes	contravene	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 limits	det
5	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 limits	compound
6	limits	limit	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 contravenes	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 railway	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 railway	det
9	railway	railway	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 limits	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contravene	present	Early departure	the speed limits of the railway					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Passengers arriving punctually may thereby be deprived of their journey

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Passengers	passenger	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 deprived	nsubj:pass
2	arriving	arrive	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Passengers	acl
3	punctually	punctually	ADV	_	2 arriving	advmod
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 deprived	aux
5	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	7 deprived	advmod
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 deprived	aux:pass
7	deprived	deprive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 journey	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 journey	nmod:poss
10	journey	journey	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 deprived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	arrive	gerund	Passengers not said here		punctually property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	deprive	may · passive		Passengers	of Passengers's journey; thereby property	vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source of journey=Theme
3	journey		Passengers = passenger			nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Early trains are invariably overcrowded

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 trains	amod
2	trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 overcrowded	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 overcrowded	cop
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 overcrowded	advmod
5	overcrowded	overcrowded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Early trains					invariably, overcrowded property	tree rules

Option 4

Early departure increases the consumption of electricity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 departure	amod
2	departure	departure	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 increases	nsubj
3	increases	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 consumption	det
5	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 increases	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 electricity	case
7	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 consumption	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	present	Early departure	the consumption of electricity					vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer consumption=Patient
2	consume			electricity					nom consumption «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/129-being-on-time-around-the-world/e1/