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Test 5 · ★ · The water cycle

A large forest is cut down. How might this change the water cycle there?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: this · What happens: cut down, change · To what, where: large forest, water cycle

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 14 «The water cycle» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A large forest is cut down.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 forest	det
2	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 forest	amod
3	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cut	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cut	aux:pass
5	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	down	down	ADP	_	5 cut	compound:prt
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 cut	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cut down	present · passive		a large forest					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How might this change the water cycle there?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 change	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 change	aux
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 change	nsubj
4	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cycle	det
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cycle	compound
7	cycle	cycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 change	obj
8	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 change	advmod
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 change	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	might	this	the water cycle		there			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cycle=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The rivers there start to flow uphill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rivers	det
2	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 start	nsubj
3	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 rivers	advmod
4	start	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 flow	mark
6	flow	flow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 start	xcomp
7	uphill	uphill	ADV	_	6 flow	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	present	the rivers						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	flow	to-infinitive	the rivers not said here					uphill property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The rain that falls there becomes salty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rain	det
2	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 becomes	nsubj
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 falls	nsubj
4	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 rain	acl:relcl
5	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 falls	advmod
6	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	salty	salty	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 becomes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	the rain			there			vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	become	present	the rain	salty					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Less water vapour goes into the air from leaves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 vapour	amod
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 vapour	compound
3	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 goes	nsubj
4	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 air	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 air	det
7	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 goes	obl
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 leaves	case
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 goes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present	Less water vapour			the air		from leaves	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme into air=Initial_Location from leaf=Destination

Option 4

More water vapour starts coming out of the cut stumps

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	More	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 vapour	amod
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 vapour	compound
3	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 starts	nsubj
4	starts	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	coming	come	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 stumps	csubj
6	out	out	ADP	_	9 cut	case
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 cut	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cut	det
9	cut	cut	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 coming	obl
10	stumps	stump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 starts	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	present	More water vapour						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	come out	gerund		the cut					vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient cut=Result
3	stump	present	coming						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/14-the-water-cycle/t5/