Exam question 2 · Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms

Identify the principal reason for which lightning is perceived before thunder.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, perceive · To what, where: principal reason, lightning

This is exam question 2 of lesson 15 «Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 perceived	obl
7	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 perceived	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 perceived	aux:pass
9	perceived	perceive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
10	before	before	ADP	_	11 thunder	case
11	thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 perceived	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	perceive	present · passive		lightning			before thunder	for the principal reason	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Sound is obstructed by the clouds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 obstructed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 obstructed	aux:pass
3	obstructed	obstruct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 clouds	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 clouds	det
6	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 obstructed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	obstruct	present · passive	the clouds	Sound					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Eventuality

Option 2

The eyes respond faster than the ears

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eyes	det
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 respond	nsubj
3	respond	respond	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 respond	advmod
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 ears	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ears	det
7	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 faster	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	respond speech: other	present	the eyes					fast property	vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Thunder is produced some time after lightning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 produced	aux:pass
3	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	5 time	det
5	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	obl:unmarked
6	after	after	ADP	_	7 lightning	case
7	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present · passive		Thunder			after lightning; time		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Light travels considerably faster than sound

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 travels	nsubj
2	travels	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	4 faster	advmod
4	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 travels	advmod
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 sound	case
6	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 faster	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	travel	present	Light					fast property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/15-weather/e2/