Test 12 · Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms

Leo says thunder is two clouds bumping into each other. true?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Leo, thunder, two clouds · What happens: say, be, bump · To what, where: two clouds, each · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 of lesson 15 «Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 clouds	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 clouds	cop
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 clouds	nummod
6	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 says	obj
7	bumping	bump	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 clouds	acl
8	into	into	ADP	_	9 each	case
9	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	7 bumping	obl
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 each	fixed
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 clouds	punct
12	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	xcomp
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Leo			true property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	thunder	two clouds			tree rules
3	bump	gerund	two clouds not said here		each		vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into each=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, it's ice in the clouds cracking

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 ice	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 ice	nsubj
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 ice	cop
5	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 clouds	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 clouds	det
8	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 ice	nmod
9	cracking	crack	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 clouds	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	ice		the clouds			tree rules
2	crack	gerund	the clouds not said here						vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

No, it's the wind hitting the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 wind	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 wind	nsubj
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 wind	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 wind	det
6	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	hitting	hit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 wind	acl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ground	det
9	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hitting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	the wind					tree rules
2	hit	gerund	the wind not said here	the ground					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ground=Co-Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, clouds crash together and make the boom

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 crash	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 crash	nsubj
4	crash	crash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	together	together	ADV	_	4 crash	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 make	cc
7	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 crash	conj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 boom	det
9	boom	boom	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 make	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crash	present	clouds					together property	vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	make	present	clouds not said here	the boom					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset boom=Product

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

No, it's air heated by lightning suddenly bursting outward

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 air	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 air	nsubj
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 air	cop
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	heated	heat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 air	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 lightning	case
8	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 heated	obl
9	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	10 bursting	advmod
10	bursting	burst	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 heated	advcl
11	outward	outward	ADV	_	10 bursting	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	air		tree rules
2	heat	participle		air not said here	by lightning	vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	burst	gerund			outward, suddenly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/15-weather/t12/