Test 3 · Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms

Why does air rush out of an untied balloon?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: air · What happens: rush out · To what, where: untied balloon

This is test 3 of lesson 15 «Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 rush	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 rush	aux
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rush	nsubj
4	rush	rush	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	out	out	ADP	_	9 balloon	case
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 balloon	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 balloon	det
8	untied	untied	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 balloon	amod
9	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rush	obl
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 rush	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rush out	present · do-support	air	a untied balloon					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme balloon=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The air inside is cooler than the air outside, so it escapes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cooler	nsubj
3	inside	inside	ADV	_	2 air	advmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cooler	cop
5	cooler	cool	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 air	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 air	det
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cooler	obl
9	outside	outside	ADV	_	8 air	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 escapes	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	13 escapes	advmod
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 escapes	nsubj
13	escapes	escape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cooler	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the air					than the air; cool property	tree rules
2	escape	present	air						vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Air always moves upwards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 moves	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 moves	advmod
3	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upwards	upwards	ADV	_	3 moves	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present	Air					always, upwards property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It moves from high pressure inside to lower pressure outside

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 moves	nsubj
2	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 pressure	case
4	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 pressure	amod
5	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 moves	obl
6	inside	inside	ADV	_	2 moves	advmod
7	to	to	PART	_	9 pressure	mark
8	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 pressure	amod
9	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 moves	advcl
10	outside	outside	ADV	_	2 moves	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present	It			high pressure		inside, outside property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from pressure=Trajectory

Option 4

The rubber pulls air in from outside

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rubber	det
2	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	nsubj
3	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	obj
5	in	in	ADV	_	3 pulls	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 outside	case
7	outside	outside	ADV	_	3 pulls	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present	the rubber	air					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent air=Theme from outside=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/15-weather/t3/