Test 8 · Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms

Why does it sometimes snow instead of rain?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: do · To what, where: it

This is test 8 of lesson 15 «Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	conj
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 does	obj
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	5 snow	advmod
5	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 does	obj
6	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	8 rain	case
7	of	of	ADP	_	6 instead	fixed
8	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 does	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present		it				instead rain	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The cloud is very old

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cloud	det
2	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 old	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 old	cop
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 old	advmod
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the cloud					old property	tree rules

Option 2

The cloud floats very high above the sea, where the air is always thin and dry

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cloud	det
2	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 floats	nsubj
3	floats	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 high	advmod
5	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 floats	xcomp
6	above	above	ADP	_	8 sea	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sea	det
8	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 high	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 thin	punct
10	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	15 thin	advmod
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 air	det
12	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 thin	nsubj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 thin	cop
14	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	15 thin	advmod
15	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 floats	parataxis
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 dry	cc
17	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 thin	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	float	present	the cloud	high property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	the air	always, thin property	tree rules
3	be		the air not said here		tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The air is cold enough for the ice crystals to stay frozen as they fall

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cold	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cold	cop
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	enough	enough	ADV	_	4 cold	advmod
6	for	for	ADP	_	9 crystals	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 crystals	det
8	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 crystals	compound
9	crystals	crystal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cold	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 stay	mark
11	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 cold	advcl
12	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 stay	xcomp
13	as	as	SCONJ	_	15 fall	mark
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 fall	nsubj
15	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 frozen	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	the air	for the ice crystals; cold, enough property	tree rules
2	stay	to-infinitive	the air not said here		tree rules
3	freeze	participle	the air not said here		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	fall	present	crystals = crystal		vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The wind is very strong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wind	det
2	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 strong	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 strong	cop
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 strong	advmod
5	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the wind					strong property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/15-weather/t8/