Exam question 2 · The football argument that goes in circles

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning Lionel Messi and headed goals.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, head · To what, where: consistent, Lionel Messi, goals

This is exam question 2 of lesson 170 «The football argument that goes in circles» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 consistent	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consistent	obl:unmarked
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	Lionel	Lionel	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Messi	compound
11	Messi	Messi	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 headed	cc
13	headed	head	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Select	conj
14	goals	goal	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 headed	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the consistent	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consistent=Theme
2	establish	participle			vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	Lionel Messi	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus messi=Experiencer
4	head	past	you not said here	goals	vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Headed goals are prohibited for players of his height

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Headed	head	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 goals	amod
2	goals	goal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 prohibited	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 prohibited	aux:pass
4	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 players	case
6	players	player	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 prohibited	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 height	case
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 height	nmod:poss
9	height	height	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 players	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	head	participle							vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	prohibit	present · passive		Headed goals				for players of his height	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

He has never scored a headed goal in any competition

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 scored	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 scored	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 scored	advmod
4	scored	score	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 goal	det
6	headed	head	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 goal	amod
7	goal	goal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 scored	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 competition	case
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 competition	det
10	competition	competition	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 scored	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not score	present · perfect	He	a headed goal		any competition			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Theme
2	head	participle							vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

He has scored exclusively with his left foot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 scored	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 scored	aux
3	scored	score	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 scored	advmod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 foot	case
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 foot	nmod:poss
7	left	left	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 foot	amod
8	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 scored	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	score	present · perfect	He					with his left foot; exclusively property	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

He has scored headed goals, including one in the 2009 Champions League final

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 scored	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 scored	aux
3	scored	score	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	headed	head	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 goals	amod
5	goals	goal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 scored	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 one	punct
7	including	including	ADP	_	8 one	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 scored	conj
9	in	in	ADP	_	14 final	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 final	det
11	2009	2009	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 League	compound
12	Champions	Champion	PROPN	_	13 League	compound
13	League	League	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 final	compound
14	final	final	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 one	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	score	present · perfect	He	headed goals					vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Theme
2	head	participle							vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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