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Test 11 · ★★★ · The football argument that goes in circles

A clever one: Sam says, "My team is the best, and if they lose, it's because they weren't really trying, so they're still the best." Can any result ever prove Sam wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sam, team, they, clever one, result · What happens: say, be, lose, not try, prove · To what, where: clever one, Sam · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 170 «The football argument that goes in circles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A clever one: Sam says, "My team is the best, and if they lose, it's because they weren't really trying, so they're still the best."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 one	det
2	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 one	amod
3	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 best	nsubj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 says	punct
5	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 says	nsubj
6	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 one	acl:relcl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 says	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 best	punct
9	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 team	nmod:poss
10	team	team	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 best	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 best	cop
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 best	det
13	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 says	ccomp
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 trying	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 trying	cc
16	if	if	SCONJ	_	18 lose	mark
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 lose	nsubj
18	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 trying	advcl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 lose	punct
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 trying	nsubj
21	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 trying	aux
22	because	because	SCONJ	_	27 trying	mark
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 trying	nsubj
24	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 trying	aux
25	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	27 trying	advmod
26	really	really	ADV	_	27 trying	advmod
27	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 best	parataxis
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 best	punct
29	so	so	ADV	_	34 best	advmod
30	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 best	nsubj
31	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 best	cop
32	still	still	ADV	_	34 best	advmod
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 best	det
34	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	34 best	punct
36	"	"	PUNCT	_	34 best	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Sam	a clever one not said here					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent one=Topic
2	is in a quote	present	My team					good property	tree rules
3	lose a condition, not said to happen, in a quote	present	they						vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	not try in a quote	present · progressive	team						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus
5	is in a quote	present	a clever one				still	good property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Can any result ever prove Sam wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 prove	aux
2	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	3 result	det
3	result	result	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 prove	nsubj
4	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	5 prove	advmod
5	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 prove	obj
7	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 prove	xcomp
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 prove	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	can	any result	Sam			ever	wrong property	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sam=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, if they go on and lose three games

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 go	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	if	if	SCONJ	_	5 go	mark
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 go	nsubj
5	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	on	on	ADV	_	5 go	advmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 lose	cc
8	lose	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 go	conj
9	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 games	nummod
10	games	game	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lose	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go on	present	they						vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	lose	infinitive	they not said here	three games					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

No, so his claim tells us nothing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 tells	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 tells	punct
3	so	so	ADV	_	6 tells	advmod
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 claim	nmod:poss
5	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tells	nsubj
6	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 tells	iobj
8	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 tells	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present	his claim	nothing	us				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient nothing=Topic
2	claim		his = he						nom claim «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Yes, if the referee agrees with Sam's view

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 agrees	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 agrees	punct
3	if	if	SCONJ	_	6 agrees	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 referee	det
5	referee	referee	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 agrees	nsubj
6	agrees	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 view	case
8	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 view	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 Sam	case
10	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 agrees	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	present	the referee					with Sam's view	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with view=Co-Agent
2	view		Sam						nom view «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

No, because his team really is the best

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	9 best	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 best	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 best	mark
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 team	nmod:poss
5	team	team	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 best	nsubj
6	really	really	ADV	_	9 best	advmod
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 best	cop
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 best	det
9	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	his team					good property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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