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Test 7 · ★ · The politician's either-or and the straw man

A kid says about "one small change and soon no rules at all": "Rules aren't Jenga." What does the kid mean?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: kid, Rules · What happens: say, not be, mean · To what, where: Jenga · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 178 «The politician's either-or and the straw man» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A kid says about "one small change and soon no rules at all": "Rules aren't Jenga."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 kid	det
2	kid	kid	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	8 change	case
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 change	punct
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 change	nummod
7	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 change	amod
8	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 rules	cc
10	soon	soon	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 rules	advmod
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	12 rules	det
12	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 change	conj
13	at	at	ADP	_	14 all	case
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 rules	nmod
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 rules	punct
16	:	:	PUNCT	_	21 Jenga	punct
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 Jenga	punct
18	Rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 Jenga	nsubj
19	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 Jenga	cop
20	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	21 Jenga	advmod
21	Jenga	Jenga	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	21 Jenga	punct
23	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 Jenga	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a kid						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	not is a in a quote	present	Rules	Jenga					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does the kid mean?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 mean	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 mean	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 kid	det
4	kid	kid	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 mean	nsubj
5	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present · do-support	the kid						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Changing any rule always ends in disaster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 ends	csubj
2	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	3 rule	det
3	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Changing	obj
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 ends	advmod
5	ends	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 disaster	case
7	disaster	disaster	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ends	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	gerund		any rule					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient
2	end	present	Changing			disaster		always property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 2

Rules are really made of wooden blocks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
3	really	really	ADV	_	4 made	advmod
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 blocks	case
6	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 blocks	amod
7	blocks	block	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Rules				of wooden blocks	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

One change doesn't topple everything unless each step has a reason

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 change	nummod
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 topple	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 topple	aux
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 topple	advmod
5	topple	topple	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	5 topple	obj
7	unless	unless	SCONJ	_	10 has	mark
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 step	det
9	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 has	nsubj
10	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 topple	advcl
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 reason	det
12	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not topple	present · do-support	One change	everything					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent everything=Patient
2	have a condition, not said to happen	present	each step	a reason					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient

Option 4

Jenga is the only game that has rules

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jenga	Jenga	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 game	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 game	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 game	det
4	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 game	amod
5	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 has	nsubj
7	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 game	acl:relcl
8	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Jenga	the only game					tree rules
2	have	present	the only game	rules					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/178-the-politicians-either-or-and-the-straw-man/t7/