Mova0.5 pre-release⌕

☰

home / corpora / questions / World / "If... then..." and its traps / e1

Exam question 1 · "If... then..." and its traps

It is given that the proposition "if it rains, the grass is wet" holds and that the grass is observed to be wet. Select the response that is consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: it, grass, proposition, you, response · What happens: give, rain, be, hold, observe, select · To what, where: It, grass, response · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 184 «"If... then..." and its traps» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that the proposition "if it rains, the grass is wet" holds and that the grass is observed to be wet.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	17 holds	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 proposition	det
6	proposition	proposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 holds	nsubj
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 wet	punct
8	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 rains	mark
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 rains	nsubj
10	rains	rain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 wet	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 rains	punct
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 grass	det
13	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 wet	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 wet	cop
15	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 proposition	parataxis
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 wet	punct
17	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 observed	cc
19	that	that	SCONJ	_	23 observed	mark
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 grass	det
21	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 observed	nsubj:pass
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 observed	aux:pass
23	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 holds	conj
24	to	to	PART	_	26 wet	mark
25	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	26 wet	cop
26	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 observed	xcomp
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	rain a condition, not said to happen, in a quote	present	it						vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
3	is in a quote	present	the grass					wet property	tree rules
4	hold	present	the proposition						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	observe	present · passive		the grass					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
6	is	to-infinitive						wet property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response					with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1

It may be concluded that it has not rained

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 concluded	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 concluded	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 concluded	aux:pass
4	concluded	conclude	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 rained	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 rained	nsubj:pass
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 rained	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 rained	advmod
9	rained	rain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 concluded	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conclude	may · passive		It					vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	not rain	present · perfect · passive		it					tree rules

Option 2

The proposition is thereby shown to be false

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 proposition	det
2	proposition	proposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shown	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 shown	aux:pass
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 shown	advmod
5	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	8 false	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 false	cop
8	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 shown	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · passive		the proposition				thereby property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
2	is	to-infinitive						false property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It cannot be concluded that it has rained, since other causes may wet the grass

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 concluded	nsubj:pass
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 concluded	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 concluded	advmod
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 concluded	aux:pass
5	concluded	conclude	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 rained	mark
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 rained	nsubj:pass
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 rained	aux
9	rained	rain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 concluded	advcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 wet	punct
11	since	since	SCONJ	_	15 wet	mark
12	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 causes	amod
13	causes	cause	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 wet	nsubj
14	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 wet	aux
15	wet	wet	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 concluded	conj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 grass	det
17	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 wet	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not conclude	can · passive		It					vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	rain	present · perfect · passive		it					tree rules
3	wet	may	other causes	the grass					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent grass=Patient

Option 4

It may be concluded with certainty that it has rained

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 concluded	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 concluded	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 concluded	aux:pass
4	concluded	conclude	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 certainty	case
6	certainty	certainty	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 concluded	obl
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 rained	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 rained	nsubj:pass
9	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 rained	aux
10	rained	rain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 concluded	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conclude	may · passive		It				with certainty	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: subject=Eventuality with certainty=Subeventuality
2	rain	present · perfect · passive		it					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/184-if-then-and-its-traps/e1/