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Exam question 3 · "If... then..." and its traps

A regulation provides that persons under twelve years of age shall wear armbands in the pool. Ascertain the position of a swimmer aged thirteen who elects to wear armbands.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: regulation, persons, you, swimmer · What happens: provide, wear, ascertain, age, elect · To what, where: armbands, pool, position, thirteen

This is exam question 3 of lesson 184 «"If... then..." and its traps» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A regulation provides that persons under twelve years of age shall wear armbands in the pool.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 regulation	det
2	regulation	regulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 provides	nsubj
3	provides	provide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 wear	mark
5	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 wear	nsubj
6	under	under	ADP	_	8 years	case
7	twelve	twelve	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 years	nummod
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 persons	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 age	case
10	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 years	nmod
11	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 wear	aux
12	wear	wear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 provides	ccomp
13	armbands	armband	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 wear	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 pool	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 pool	det
16	pool	pool	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wear	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 provides	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	provide	present	a regulation						vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition clause=Theme
2	wear	shall	persons under twelve years of age	armbands		the pool			vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent armband=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the position of a swimmer aged thirteen who elects to wear armbands.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 position	det
3	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 swimmer	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 swimmer	det
6	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 position	nmod
7	aged	age	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 swimmer	acl
8	thirteen	thirteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 aged	obj
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 elects	nsubj
10	elects	elect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 thirteen	acl:relcl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 wear	mark
12	wear	wear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 elects	xcomp
13	armbands	armband	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 wear	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the position of a swimmer					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent position=Topic
2	age	participle	a swimmer not said here	thirteen					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent thirteen=Patient
3	elect	present							tree rules
4	wear	to-infinitive		armbands					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent armband=Source

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The swimmer is in breach of the regulation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 swimmer	det
2	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 breach	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 breach	cop
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 breach	case
5	breach	breach	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 regulation	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 regulation	det
8	regulation	regulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 breach	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the swimmer			breach		of the regulation	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The swimmer is in no breach of the regulation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 swimmer	det
2	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 breach	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 breach	cop
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 breach	case
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 breach	det
6	breach	breach	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 regulation	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 regulation	det
9	regulation	regulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 breach	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the swimmer			no breach		of the regulation	tree rules

Option 3

The swimmer is thereby deemed to be under twelve

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 swimmer	det
2	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 deemed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 deemed	aux:pass
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 deemed	advmod
5	deemed	deem	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	9 twelve	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 twelve	cop
8	under	under	ADP	_	9 twelve	case
9	twelve	twelve	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 deemed	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deem	present · passive		the swimmer				thereby property	vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Attribute
2	is	to-infinitive				twelve			tree rules

Option 4

The regulation prohibits armbands for such a swimmer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 regulation	det
2	regulation	regulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prohibits	nsubj
3	prohibits	prohibit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	armbands	armband	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prohibits	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	8 swimmer	case
6	such	such	DET	PronType=Ind	8 swimmer	det:predet
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 swimmer	det
8	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prohibits	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	present	the regulation	armbands				for such swimmer	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer armband=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/184-if-then-and-its-traps/e3/