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Test 1 · ★★ · "If... then..." and its traps

Ruby's dad: "I've just been watering it, Ruby. The rain didn't send a postcard." What is he teaching her?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: I, rain · What happens: water, not send, teach · To what, where: it, postcard, Ruby

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 184 «"If... then..." and its traps» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ruby's dad: "I've just been watering it, Ruby.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 dad	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Ruby	case
3	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 watering	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 watering	punct
6	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 watering	nsubj
7	've	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 watering	aux
8	just	just	ADV	_	10 watering	advmod
9	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	10 watering	aux
10	watering	water	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 dad	acl:relcl
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 watering	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 Ruby	punct
13	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 dad	parataxis
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dad	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	water in a quote	present · perfect · progressive	I	it					vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: The rain didn't send a postcard."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rain	det
2	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 send	nsubj
3	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 send	aux
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 send	advmod
5	send	send	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 postcard	det
7	postcard	postcard	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 send	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 send	punct
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 send	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not send	past · do-support	the rain	a postcard					vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent postcard=Theme

Sentence 3: What is he teaching her?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 teaching	obj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 teaching	aux
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 teaching	nsubj
4	teaching	teach	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 teaching	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 teaching	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	teach speech: other	present · progressive	rain		Ruby				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent what=Recipient she=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Wet grass always proves that it rained, whatever Dad says

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 grass	amod
2	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 proves	nsubj
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 proves	advmod
4	proves	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 rained	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 rained	nsubj
7	rained	rain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 proves	ccomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 says	punct
9	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 says	obj
10	Dad	Dad	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 says	nsubj
11	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 proves	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present	Wet grass					always property	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	rain	past	it						vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
3	say speech: assert	present	Dad	whatever					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent whatever=Topic

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Wet grass doesn't prove rain; other things wet grass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 grass	amod
2	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 prove	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 prove	aux
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 prove	advmod
5	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 prove	obj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 things	punct
8	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 things	amod
9	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 prove	obl
10	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 grass	amod
11	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 prove	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not prove	present · do-support	Wet grass	rain				other things obl	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent rain=Theme grass=Attribute

Option 3

Postcards tell you the weather

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Postcards	postcard	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 tell	nsubj
2	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 tell	iobj
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 weather	det
5	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 tell	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present	Postcards	the weather	you				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient weather=Topic

Option 4

Sprinklers can't make grass wet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sprinklers	sprinkler	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 make	nsubj
2	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 make	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 make	advmod
4	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 make	obj
6	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 make	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not make	can	Sprinklers	grass				wet property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset grass=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/184-if-then-and-its-traps/t1/