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Test 9 · ★★ · "If... then..." and its traps

A Scottish lifeguard: "He's 13 and wearing the wee armbands. So what? Being extra safe's not breaking a rule, aye?" Why is the lifeguard right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: He, lifeguard · What happens: be, wear, not break · To what, where: 13, wee armbands, rule

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 184 «"If... then..." and its traps» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A Scottish lifeguard: "He's 13 and wearing the wee armbands.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 lifeguard	det
2	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 lifeguard	amod
3	lifeguard	lifeguard	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 13	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 13	punct
6	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 13	nsubj
7	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 13	cop
8	13	13	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 lifeguard	parataxis
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 wearing	cc
10	wearing	wear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 13	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 armbands	det
12	wee	wee	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 armbands	amod
13	armbands	armband	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 wearing	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lifeguard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	He	13					tree rules
2	wear in a quote	gerund	He not said here	the wee armbands					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent armband=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: So what?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	2 what	advmod
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
3	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 what	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 3: Being extra safe's not breaking a rule, aye?"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 safe	cop
2	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 safe	amod
3	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 breaking	csubj
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 breaking	aux
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 breaking	advmod
6	breaking	break	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 rule	det
8	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 breaking	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 aye	punct
10	aye	aye	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rule	conj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 breaking	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 breaking	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	gerund						safe property	tree rules
2	not break	present · progressive		a rule and aye					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient

Sentence 4: Why is the lifeguard right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 lifeguard	det
4	lifeguard	lifeguard	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Why	nsubj
5	right	right	ADV	_	4 lifeguard	advmod
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the lifeguard					why property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The rule only says what under-12s must do

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rule	det
2	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 says	advmod
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	10 do	obj
6	under	under	ADP	_	8 12s	case
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 under	punct
8	12s	12	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	10 do	obl
9	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 do	aux
10	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 says	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the rule						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	do	must				12s			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

Option 2

Armbands are banned for everyone over 12

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Armbands	armband	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 banned	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 banned	aux:pass
3	banned	ban	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 everyone	case
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	3 banned	obl
6	over	over	ADV	_	7 12	advmod
7	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 banned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ban	present · passive		Armbands				for everyone; 12 obl	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

The rule says over-12s must wear them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rule	det
2	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	over-12s	over-12	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	6 wear	nsubj
5	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 wear	aux
6	wear	wear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 says	ccomp
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 wear	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the rule						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	wear	must	over-12s	them = they					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent they=Source

Option 4

Only lifeguards may decide about armbands

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 lifeguards	advmod
2	lifeguards	lifeguard	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 decide	nsubj
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 decide	aux
4	decide	decide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	about	about	ADP	_	6 armbands	case
6	armbands	armband	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 decide	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decide	may	lifeguards					about armbands	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about armband=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/184-if-then-and-its-traps/t9/