Exam question 1 · Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being cruel

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of a pupil who abandons a mistaken belief upon being shown clear evidence?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: pupil, mistaken belief · What happens: follow, characteris, abandon, show, conduct · To what, where: conduct, mistaken belief, clear evidence, pupil

This is exam question 1 of lesson 190 «Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being cruel» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 conduct	det
10	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 pupil	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 pupil	det
13	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 conduct	nmod
14	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 abandons	nsubj
15	abandons	abandon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 pupil	acl:relcl
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 belief	det
17	mistaken	mistaken	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 belief	amod
18	belief	belief	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 abandons	obj
19	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	21 shown	mark
20	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	21 shown	aux:pass
21	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 belief	acl
22	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 evidence	amod
23	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 shown	obj
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the conduct of a pupil	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	abandon	present	a pupil	a mistaken belief		vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme belief=Source
4	show	gerund · passive	a mistaken belief not said here	clear evidence		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: evidence=Recipient
5	conduct			a pupil		nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is a sign of sound reasoning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 sign	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sign	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 sign	det
4	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 reasoning	case
6	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 reasoning	compound
7	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sign	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a sign				of sound reasoning	tree rules

Option 2

It is contrary to the practice of scientists

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 contrary	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 contrary	cop
3	contrary	contrary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 practice	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 practice	det
6	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contrary	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 scientists	case
8	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 practice	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					to the practice of scientists; contrary property	tree rules
2	practice			scientists					nom practice «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It is a sign of weakness of character

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 sign	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sign	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 sign	det
4	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 weakness	case
6	weakness	weakness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sign	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 character	case
8	character	character	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 weakness	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a sign				of weakness of character	tree rules

Option 4

It is permissible only for adults

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 permissible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permissible	cop
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 adults	advmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 adults	case
6	adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 permissible	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					for adults; permissible property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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