Test 10 · ★ · The seasons and the tilt of the axis

why's it so cold in winter if the Sun's still out

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: it · What happens: be

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 2 «The seasons and the tilt of the axis» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 cold	advmod
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cold	cop
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 cold	nsubj
4	so	so	ADV	_	5 cold	advmod
5	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 winter	case
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cold	obl
8	if	if	SCONJ	_	13 out	mark
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Sun	det
10	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 out	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 Sun	case
12	still	still	ADV	_	13 out	advmod
13	out	out	ADV	_	5 cold	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	it				winter	cold property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The sunlight comes in low and slanted, so it warms less

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sunlight	det
2	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 comes	nsubj
3	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADV	_	3 comes	advmod
5	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 comes	xcomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 slanted	cc
7	slanted	slanted	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 low	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 warms	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	11 warms	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 warms	nsubj
11	warms	warm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 comes	conj
12	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 warms	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come in	present	the sunlight					low property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	warm	present	sunlight					less property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Winter clouds soak up all the Sun's heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 clouds	compound
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 soak	nsubj
3	soak	soak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 soak	compound:prt
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 heat	det:predet
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Sun	det
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 heat	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 Sun	case
9	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 soak	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	soak up	present	Winter clouds	the Sun's heat					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent heat=Source
2	heat		the Sun						nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

The Sun gives out less heat in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 gives	nsubj
3	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	3 gives	compound:prt
5	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 heat	amod
6	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 winter	case
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give out	present	the Sun	less heat			winter		vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent heat=Theme

Option 4

The Sun is much farther away from us in winter than in summer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 away	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 away	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 farther	advmod
5	farther	far	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 away	advmod
6	away	away	ADV	_	root	root
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 us	case
8	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 away	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 winter	case
10	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 away	obl
11	than	than	ADP	_	13 summer	case
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 summer	case
13	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 winter	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the Sun				winter	from us; away, far property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/t10/