Exam question 1 · Groups of animals and how to tell them apart

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises mammals?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: mammals

This is exam question 1 of lesson 24 «Groups of animals and how to tell them apart» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		mammals				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They possess feathers and lay hard-shelled eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 lay	cc
5	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 possess	conj
6	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 shelled	amod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 hard	punct
8	shelled	shell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 eggs	amod
9	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lay	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	possess	present	They	feathers	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot feather=Theme
2	lay	present	They not said here	shelled eggs	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result
3	shell	participle			vn pelt-17.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They possess gills throughout their lives

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	obj
4	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	6 lives	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 lives	nmod:poss
6	lives	life	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	They	gills			throughout gills's lives		vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot gill=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They possess hair or fur and nourish their young with milk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 possess	obj
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 fur	cc
5	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hair	conj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 nourish	cc
7	nourish	nourish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 possess	conj
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 young	nmod:poss
9	young	young	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 nourish	obj
10	with	with	ADP	_	11 milk	case
11	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 nourish	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	They	hair or fur					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hair=Theme
2	nourish	present	They not said here	hair's young				with milk	vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent young=Patient with milk=Instrument

Option 4

They possess six legs and three body parts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 legs	nummod
4	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 parts	cc
6	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 parts	nummod
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 parts	compound
8	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 legs	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	They	six legs and three body parts					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot leg=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/24-animal-groups/e1/