Exam question 1 · Food chains and food webs

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a producer within a food chain?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: producer

This is exam question 1 of lesson 26 «Food chains and food webs» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 producer	det
10	producer	producer	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	within	within	ADP	_	14 chain	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 chain	det
13	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 chain	compound
14	chain	chain	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a producer				of the following statements; within a food chain; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A living thing that consumes only animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 thing	det
2	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 thing	amod
3	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 consumes	nsubj
5	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 thing	acl:relcl
6	only	only	ADV	_	7 animals	advmod
7	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 consumes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	a living thing	animals					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Asset

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

A living thing that consumes plants and animals alike, as a bear or a human does

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 thing	det
2	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 thing	amod
3	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 does	nsubj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 consumes	nsubj
5	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 thing	acl:relcl
6	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 consumes	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 animals	cc
8	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 plants	conj
9	alike	alike	ADV	_	5 consumes	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 bear	punct
11	as	as	ADP	_	13 bear	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 bear	det
13	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 consumes	parataxis
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 human	cc
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 human	det
16	human	human	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 bear	conj
17	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	a living thing	plants and animals				alike property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Asset
2	do	present	a living thing						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

A living thing that decomposes dead matter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 thing	det
2	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 thing	amod
3	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 decomposes	nsubj
5	decomposes	decompose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 thing	acl:relcl
6	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 matter	amod
7	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 decomposes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decompose	present	a living thing	dead matter					tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A living thing that manufactures its own food by the energy of sunlight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 thing	det
2	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 thing	amod
3	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 manufactures	nsubj
5	manufactures	manufacture	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 thing	acl:relcl
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 food	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 food	amod
8	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 manufactures	obj
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 energy	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 energy	det
11	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 manufactures	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 sunlight	case
13	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 energy	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	manufacture	present	a living thing	thing's own food				by the energy of sunlight	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/26-food-chains-and-webs/e1/