Test 2 · ★★ · Classifying unusual animals
A sailor says dolphins are big fish. What is the best answer?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: sailor, dolphins, best answer · What happens: say, be · To what, where: big fish · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 29 «Classifying unusual animals» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A sailor says dolphins are big fish.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 sailor | det |
| 2 | sailor | sailor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | dolphins | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 fish | nsubj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 fish | cop |
| 6 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 fish | amod |
| 7 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | ccomp |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | a sailor | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | dolphins | big fish | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is the best answer?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 answer | det |
| 4 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 answer | amod |
| 5 | answer | answer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the best answer | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
No, they breathe air and feed young milk, so they are mammals
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 breathe | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 breathe | punct |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 breathe | nsubj |
| 4 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 breathe | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 feed | cc |
| 7 | feed | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 breathe | conj |
| 8 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 milk | amod |
| 9 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 feed | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 mammals | punct |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 mammals | advmod |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 mammals | nsubj |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 mammals | cop |
| 14 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 breathe | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | breathe | present | they | air | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||||
| 2 | feed | present | they not said here | young milk | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent milk=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | they | mammals | tree rules |
Option 2
Yes, they live in the sea and have fins
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 live | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 live | nsubj |
| 4 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 sea | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 sea | det |
| 7 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 live | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 have | cc |
| 9 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 live | conj |
| 10 | fins | fin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 have | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | they | the sea | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location | ||||
| 2 | have | present | they not said here | fins | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fin=Patient |
Option 3
No, they are amphibians living in water
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 amphibians | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 amphibians | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 amphibians | cop |
| 5 | amphibians | amphibian | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 amphibians | acl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 water | case |
| 8 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 living | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | they | amphibians | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | live | gerund | amphibians not said here | water | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location |
Option 4
Yes, they swim and catch fish to eat
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 swim | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 swim | punct |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 swim | nsubj |
| 4 | swim | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 catch | cc |
| 6 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 swim | conj |
| 7 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 catch | obj |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 eat | mark |
| 9 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 catch | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swim | present | they | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | catch | present | they not said here | fish | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme | ||||
| 3 | eat | to-infinitive | they not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/29-classifying-unusual-animals/t2/