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Test 1 · ★ · The Moon and its phases

Tom stands in a dark room with a lamp and holds a ball at arm's length, turning slowly around. What does he see?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Tom · What happens: stand, hold, turn, see · To what, where: dark room, ball, length

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 3 «The Moon and its phases» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Tom stands in a dark room with a lamp and holds a ball at arm's length, turning slowly around.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 stands	nsubj
2	stands	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 room	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 room	det
5	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 room	amod
6	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stands	obl
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 lamp	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 lamp	det
9	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 room	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 holds	cc
11	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 stands	conj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 ball	det
13	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 holds	obj
14	at	at	ADP	_	17 length	case
15	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 length	nmod:poss
16	's	's	PART	_	15 arm	case
17	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 holds	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 turning	punct
19	turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 holds	advcl
20	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	21 around	advmod
21	around	around	ADV	_	19 turning	advmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stands	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	present	Tom			a dark room with a lamp			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in room=Location
2	hold	present	Tom not said here	a ball		arm's length			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent ball=Theme at length=Location
3	turn	gerund	Tom not said here					around property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does he see?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 see	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 see	aux
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 see	nsubj
4	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 see	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	present · do-support	Tom						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus

The options

Option 1

The ball is always fully dark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ball	det
2	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 dark	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 dark	cop
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 dark	advmod
5	fully	fully	ADV	_	6 dark	advmod
6	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the ball					always, dark, fully property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The ball is always fully lit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ball	det
2	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lit	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 lit	aux:pass
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 lit	advmod
5	fully	fully	ADV	_	6 lit	advmod
6	lit	lit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lit	present · passive		the ball				always, fully property	tree rules

Option 3

The ball changes colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ball	det
2	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changes	nsubj
3	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	the ball	colour					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The lit part of the ball grows and shrinks like the Moon's phases

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 part	det
2	lit	lit	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 part	amod
3	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 grows	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 ball	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ball	det
6	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 part	nmod
7	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 shrinks	cc
9	shrinks	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 grows	conj
10	like	like	ADP	_	14 phases	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Moon	det
12	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 phases	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 Moon	case
14	phases	phase	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 shrinks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	the lit part of the ball						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	shrink	present	the lit part of the ball not said here					like the Moon's phases	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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