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Test 8 · ★ · The Moon and its phases

A friend says a planet's shadow makes the Moon's phases. What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: friend, shadow, planet · What happens: say, make, shadow, be · To what, where: phases · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 3 «The Moon and its phases» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A friend says a planet's shadow makes the Moon's phases.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 planet	det
5	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shadow	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 planet	case
7	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 makes	nsubj
8	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Moon	det
10	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 phases	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 Moon	case
12	phases	phase	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 makes	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a friend						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	make	present	a planet's shadow	the Moon's phases					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset phase=Product
3	shadow		a planet						nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Nothing; a planet's shadow makes them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	7 makes	nsubj
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 makes	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 planet	det
4	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shadow	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 planet	case
6	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 makes	nsubj
7	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 makes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Nothing	them = they					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material they=Product
2	shadow		a planet						nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

It is the Sun's shadow, not a planet's

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 shadow	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 shadow	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Sun	det
4	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 shadow	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 Sun	case
6	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 planet	punct
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 planet	advmod
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 planet	det
10	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shadow	nmod
11	's	's	PART	_	10 planet	case

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the Sun's shadow				's a planet	tree rules

Option 3

It is the shadow of the clouds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 shadow	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shadow	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 shadow	det
4	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 clouds	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 clouds	det
7	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 shadow	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the shadow				of the clouds	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The phases come from where the Moon is, not from any shadow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 phases	det
2	phases	phase	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	nsubj
3	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	13 shadow	case
5	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	13 shadow	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Moon	det
7	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 shadow	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 shadow	cop
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 shadow	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 shadow	advmod
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 shadow	case
12	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	13 shadow	det
13	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 come	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	the phases						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not is	present	the Moon			any shadow			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/3-the-moon-and-its-phases/t8/