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Test 10 · ★★★ · Balance in a food web

Sea otters return to a coast. What happens to the kelp forest over the years?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sea otters · What happens: return, happen

This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 30 «Balance in a food web» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Sea otters return to a coast.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 otters	compound
2	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 return	nsubj
3	return	return	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 coast	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 coast	det
6	coast	coast	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 return	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 return	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	return	present	Sea otters					to a coast result	vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to coast=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What happens to the kelp forest over the years?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 happens	nsubj
2	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	6 forest	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 forest	det
5	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 forest	compound
6	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 happens	obl
7	over	over	ADP	_	9 years	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 years	det
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 happens	obl
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 happens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present					year	to the kelp forest	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

It is replaced by bare sand and stones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 replaced	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 replaced	aux:pass
3	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 sand	case
5	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sand	amod
6	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 replaced	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 stones	cc
8	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 sand	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	present · passive	bare sand and stones	It					vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It grows back as urchins become fewer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 grows	nsubj
2	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	back	back	ADV	_	2 grows	advmod
4	as	as	SCONJ	_	6 become	mark
5	urchins	urchin	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 become	nsubj
6	become	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 grows	advcl
7	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 become	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow back	present	It						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	become	present	urchins					few property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It disappears completely as the otters eat the kelp

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 disappears	nsubj
2	disappears	disappear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	completely	completely	ADV	_	2 disappears	advmod
4	as	as	SCONJ	_	7 eat	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 otters	det
6	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 eat	nsubj
7	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 disappears	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 kelp	det
9	kelp	kelp	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 eat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disappear	present	It					completely property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	eat	present	the otters	the kelp					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kelp=Patient

Option 4

It stays exactly the same as it was before

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stays	nsubj
2	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	5 same	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 same	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 stays	xcomp
6	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 before	mark
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 before	nsubj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 before	cop
9	before	before	ADV	_	2 stays	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	present	It					same property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	past	it					before property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/t10/