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Test 3 · ★★★ · Balance in a food web

A farmer kills all the owls on his farm because they scare his chickens. What is likely to happen next?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: farmer, owls · What happens: kill, scare, be, happen · To what, where: owls, farm, chickens

This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 30 «Balance in a food web» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A farmer kills all the owls on his farm because they scare his chickens.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 farmer	det
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 kills	nsubj
3	kills	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 owls	det:predet
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 owls	det
6	owls	owl	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 kills	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 farm	case
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 farm	nmod:poss
9	farm	farm	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 owls	nmod
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 scare	mark
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 scare	nsubj
12	scare	scare	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 kills	advcl
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 chickens	nmod:poss
14	chickens	chicken	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 scare	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 kills	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	kill	present	a farmer	all owls		farmer's farm			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent owl=Theme
2	scare	present	owls = owl	farmer's chickens					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus chicken=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is likely to happen next?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 likely	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 likely	cop
3	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 happen	mark
5	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 likely	xcomp
6	next	next	ADV	_	5 happen	advmod
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						likely property	tree rules
2	happen	to-infinitive						next property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Mice decrease because owls protected them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 decrease	nsubj
2	decrease	decrease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	5 protected	mark
4	owls	owl	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 protected	nsubj
5	protected	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 decrease	ccomp
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 protected	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decrease	present	Mice						tree rules
2	protect	past	owls	Mice = mouse					vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary

Option 2

The grain grows better without the owls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 grain	det
2	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grows	nsubj
3	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 grows	xcomp
5	without	without	ADP	_	7 owls	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 owls	det
7	owls	owl	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	the grain					without the owls; good property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

His chickens start to catch the mice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 chickens	nmod:poss
2	chickens	chicken	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 start	nsubj
3	start	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 catch	mark
5	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 start	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 mice	det
7	mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 catch	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	present	His chickens						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	catch	to-infinitive	His chickens not said here	the mice					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Mice increase and eat more of his grain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 increase	nsubj
2	increase	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 eat	cc
4	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 increase	conj
5	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 eat	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 grain	case
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 grain	nmod:poss
8	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 more	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	present	Mice						vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	eat	present	Mice not said here	more					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/t3/