Test 5 · ★ · The heart, blood and breathing

Why do your lungs have millions of tiny air bags instead of one big empty bag?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: lungs · What happens: have · To what, where: millions

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 32 «The heart, blood and breathing» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 have	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 have	aux
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 lungs	nmod:poss
4	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	nsubj
5	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 bags	case
8	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 bags	amod
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bags	compound
10	bags	bag	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 millions	nmod
11	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	16 bag	case
12	of	of	ADP	_	11 instead	fixed
13	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 bag	nummod
14	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 bag	amod
15	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 bag	amod
16	bag	bag	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 have	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present · do-support	your lungs	millions of tiny air bags				instead one big empty bag	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Many tiny bags give a huge surface for oxygen to pass through

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bags	amod
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bags	amod
3	bags	bag	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 give	nsubj
4	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 surface	det
6	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 surface	amod
7	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 give	obj
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 oxygen	case
9	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 give	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 pass	mark
11	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 give	advcl
12	through	through	ADV	_	11 pass	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present	Many tiny bags	a huge surface				for oxygen	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent surface=Theme for oxygen=Asset
2	pass through	to-infinitive	Many tiny bags not said here					through property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Tiny bags keep germs warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bags	amod
2	bags	bag	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 keep	nsubj
3	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 keep	obj
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Tiny bags	germs				warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme

Option 3

Big bags would make the voice too loud

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bags	amod
2	bags	bag	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 make	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 make	aux
4	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 voice	det
6	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 make	obj
7	too	too	ADV	_	8 loud	advmod
8	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 make	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	would	Big bags	the voice				loud property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material voice=Product

Option 4

Tiny bags are lighter than one big bag

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bags	amod
2	bags	bag	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lighter	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lighter	cop
4	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	8 bag	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 bag	nummod
7	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 bag	amod
8	bag	bag	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lighter	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Tiny bags					than one big bag; light property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/32-heart-blood-breathing/t5/