Exam question 3 · Germs, hygiene and vaccines

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a vaccine?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: vaccine

This is exam question 3 of lesson 37 «Germs, hygiene and vaccines» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 vaccine	det
10	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a vaccine				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It destroys all bacteria within the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 destroys	nsubj
2	destroys	destroy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 bacteria	det
4	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 destroys	obj
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 body	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 body	det
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 destroys	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	destroy	present	It	all bacteria				within the body	vn destroy-44 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument bacterium=Patient

Option 2

It cures a cold once contracted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 cures	nsubj
2	cures	cure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 cold	det
4	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cures	obj
5	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	6 contracted	advmod
6	contracted	contract	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 cures	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cure	present	It	a cold					vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer cold=Source
2	contract	participle						once property	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It trains the body to combat a germ without serious illness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 trains	nsubj
2	trains	train	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 body	det
4	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 trains	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 combat	mark
6	combat	combat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 trains	xcomp
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 germ	det
8	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 combat	obj
9	without	without	ADP	_	11 illness	case
10	serious	serious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 illness	amod
11	illness	illness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 combat	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	train	present	It	the body					vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme clause=Attribute
2	combat	to-infinitive	the body not said here	a germ				without serious illness	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent

Option 4

It replaces the white blood cells

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 replaces	nsubj
2	replaces	replace	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cells	det
4	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 cells	amod
5	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cells	compound
6	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 replaces	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	present	It	the white blood cells					vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cell=Co-Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/37-germs-hygiene-vaccines/e3/