Exam question 3 · The solar system and the planets

Identify the principal reason for which Venus possesses the highest surface temperature of all the planets.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Venus · What happens: identify, possess · To what, where: principal reason, highest surface temperature

This is exam question 3 of lesson 4 «The solar system and the planets» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 possesses	obl
7	Venus	Venus	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 possesses	nsubj
8	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 temperature	det
10	highest	high	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 temperature	amod
11	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 temperature	compound
12	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 possesses	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	16 planets	case
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	16 planets	det:predet
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 planets	det
16	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 temperature	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	possess	present	Venus	the highest surface temperature of all planets				for the principal reason	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot temperature=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It rotates with exceptional rapidity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 rotates	nsubj
2	rotates	rotate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 rapidity	case
4	exceptional	exceptional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 rapidity	amod
5	rapidity	rapidity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rotates	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rotate	present	It					with exceptional rapidity	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It is the planet nearest the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 planet	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 planet	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 planet	det
4	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 planet	amod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Sun	det
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 nearest	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the planet					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Its dense atmosphere retains heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 atmosphere	nmod:poss
2	dense	dense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 atmosphere	amod
3	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 retains	nsubj
4	retains	retain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 retains	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retain	present	Its dense atmosphere	heat					tree rules

Option 4

It is composed chiefly of molten metal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 chiefly	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 chiefly	cop
3	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 chiefly	amod
4	chiefly	chiefly	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 metal	case
6	molten	molten	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 metal	amod
7	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chiefly	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	participle							vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	It	composed chiefly				of molten metal	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/4-the-solar-system/e3/