Test 10 · ★★★ · Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics

Why would a long-distance runner who forgets to drink be in danger on a hot day?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: distance runner · What happens: forget, not drink, be · To what, where: danger

This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 40 «Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 runner	det
4	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 distance	amod
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 long	punct
6	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 runner	compound
7	runner	runner	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 would	nsubj
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 forgets	nsubj
9	forgets	forget	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 runner	acl:relcl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 drink	mark
11	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 forgets	xcomp
12	be	be	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 drink	ccomp
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 danger	case
14	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 be	obl
15	on	on	ADP	_	18 day	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 day	det
17	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 day	amod
18	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 danger	nmod
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	forget	present	a distance runner		tree rules
2	not drink	to-infinitive	a distance runner not said here		tree rules
3	be	infinitive	a distance runner not said here	danger on a hot day	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in danger=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He sweats out water he needs to cool down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sweats	nsubj
2	sweats	sweat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	2 sweats	compound:prt
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 needs	nsubj
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 needs	nsubj
6	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 sweats	conj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 cool	mark
8	cool	cool	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 needs	xcomp
9	down	down	ADP	_	8 cool	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	sweat out	present	He	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	need	present	water	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	cool down not said to happen	to-infinitive	water not said here	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Sweat is made from fat, not from water at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 fat	case
5	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 water	punct
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 water	advmod
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 water	case
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 all	case
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Sweat		fat		from water; at all	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from fat=Material

Option 3

Drinking makes the legs heavier and slower

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drinking	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 legs	det
4	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 makes	obj
5	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 makes	xcomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 slower	cc
7	slower	slow	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 heavier	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	gerund							vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	make	present		the legs				heavy property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset leg=Product

Option 4

The body makes more water whenever it runs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 body	det
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 water	amod
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	obj
6	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 runs	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 runs	nsubj
8	runs	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 makes	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the body	more water					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset water=Product
2	run	present	body					whenever property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/40-body-and-physics-reasoning/t10/