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Test 2 · ★★★ · Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics

A dog has no sweat over most of its body and pants on hot days. Why might panting help it?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dog · What happens: have, pant, help · To what, where: sweat, most

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 40 «Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A dog has no sweat over most of its body and pants on hot days.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 dog	det
2	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 sweat	det
5	sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
6	over	over	ADP	_	7 most	case
7	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 sweat	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 body	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 body	nmod:poss
10	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 most	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 pants	cc
12	pants	pants	NOUN	Number=Ptan	10 body	conj
13	on	on	ADP	_	15 days	case
14	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 days	amod
15	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 pants	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	a dog	no sweat		most of dog's body and pants on hot days			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweat=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why might panting help it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 panting	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 panting	aux
3	panting	pant	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 panting	xcomp
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 help	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 panting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pant	might							vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	help	infinitive		sweat					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary

The options

Option 1

Panting makes the dog's fur thinner

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Panting	panting	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 dog	det
4	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fur	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 dog	case
6	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
7	thinner	thin	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Panting	the dog's fur				thin property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fur=Product

Option 2

Panting brings colder blood from the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Panting	panting	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	nsubj
2	brings	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 blood	amod
4	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 ground	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ground	det
7	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bring	present	Panting	colder blood		the ground			vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent blood=Theme from ground=Initial_Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Panting blows the Sun away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Panting	panting	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 blows	nsubj
2	blows	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Sun	det
4	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 blows	obj
5	away	away	ADV	_	2 blows	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow away	present	Panting	the Sun				away property	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent sun=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Water evaporates from its tongue and mouth and takes heat away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 evaporates	nsubj
2	evaporates	evaporate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 tongue	case
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 tongue	nmod:poss
5	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 evaporates	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 mouth	cc
7	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 tongue	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 takes	cc
9	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 evaporates	conj
10	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 takes	obj
11	away	away	ADV	_	9 takes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	evaporate	present	Water			Water's tongue and mouth			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	take away	present	Water not said here	heat				away property	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/40-body-and-physics-reasoning/t2/