Test 1 · ★ · Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped
Climbers find shells of sea animals in rocks near the top of a high mountain. How can that be?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Climbers, that · What happens: find, be · To what, where: shells
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Climbers find shells of sea animals in rocks near the top of a high mountain.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Climbers | climber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 find | nsubj |
| 2 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | shells | shell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 find | obj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 animals | case |
| 5 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 animals | compound |
| 6 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 shells | nmod |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 rocks | case |
| 8 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 animals | nmod |
| 9 | near | near | ADP | _ | 11 top | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 top | det |
| 11 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 rocks | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 mountain | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 mountain | det |
| 14 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 mountain | amod |
| 15 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 top | nmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 find | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present | Climbers | shells of sea animals in rocks near the top of a high mountain | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: How can that be?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 be | advmod |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 be | aux |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 be | nsubj |
| 4 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 be | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | can | can | that | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1
Climbers dropped the shells there long ago
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Climbers | climber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 dropped | nsubj |
| 2 | dropped | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 shells | det |
| 4 | shells | shell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 dropped | obj |
| 5 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 dropped | advmod |
| 6 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 ago | advmod |
| 7 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 2 dropped | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drop | past | Climbers | the shells | there | ago property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The rock formed under the sea and was pushed up as plates collided
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 rock | det |
| 2 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 formed | nsubj |
| 3 | formed | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | under | under | ADP | _ | 6 sea | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 sea | det |
| 6 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 formed | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 pushed | cc |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 pushed | aux:pass |
| 9 | pushed | push | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 formed | conj |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 pushed | compound:prt |
| 11 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 13 collided | mark |
| 12 | plates | plate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 collided | nsubj |
| 13 | collided | collide | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 pushed | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | form | past | the rock | the sea | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under sea=Location | ||||
| 2 | push up | past · passive | the rock not said here | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP» | |||||
| 3 | collide | past | plates | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
The sea once reached as high as the mountain top
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 sea | det |
| 2 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 reached | nsubj |
| 3 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 4 reached | advmod |
| 4 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | as | as | ADV | _ | 6 high | advmod |
| 6 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reached | xcomp |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 top | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 top | det |
| 9 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 top | compound |
| 10 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 reached | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | the sea | as the mountain top; high, once property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
Birds carried the shells up the mountain one by one
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 carried | nsubj |
| 2 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 shells | det |
| 4 | shells | shell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 carried | obj |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 carried | compound:prt |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 mountain | det |
| 7 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 carried | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 mountain | flat |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 one | case |
| 10 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 carried | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry up | past | Birds | the shells | by one; the mountain obl:unmarked | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/t1/