Exam question 4 · The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the kangaroo?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: kangaroo

This is exam question 4 of lesson 45 «The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 kangaroo	det
10	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the kangaroo				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A mammal that lays eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 mammal	det
2	mammal	mammal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 lays	nsubj
4	lays	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 mammal	acl:relcl
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lays	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	present	a mammal	eggs					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A marsupial whose young develop in a pouch

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 marsupial	det
2	marsupial	marsupial	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	4 young	nmod:poss
4	young	young	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 develop	nsubj
5	develop	develop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 marsupial	acl:relcl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 pouch	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 pouch	det
8	pouch	pouch	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 develop	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	develop	present	young			a pouch			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pouch=Location

Option 3

A reptile of the Outback

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 reptile	det
2	reptile	reptile	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 Outback	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Outback	det
5	Outback	Outback	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 reptile	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

A flightless bird of New Zealand that lays eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bird	det
2	flightless	flightless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bird	amod
3	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 Zealand	case
5	New	New	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Zealand	flat
6	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 bird	nmod
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 lays	nsubj
8	lays	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 bird	acl:relcl
9	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lays	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	present	a flightless bird of New Zealand	eggs					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/e4/