Test 2 · Countries, peoples and languages of the world

Which is true about languages?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be

This is test 2 of lesson 46 «Countries, peoples and languages of the world» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	5 languages	case
5	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about languages; true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Every country has exactly one language

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 country	det
2	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	5 one	advmod
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 language	nummod
6	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	every country	one language					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient

Option 2

All languages come from English

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 languages	det
2	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	nsubj
3	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 English	case
5	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 come	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	all languages			English			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from english=Initial_Location

Option 3

There are only about 195, one for each country

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 are	expl
2	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 195	advmod
4	about	about	ADV	_	5 195	advmod
5	195	195	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 are	nsubj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 one	punct
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 195	conj
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 country	case
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 country	det
10	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 one	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	195			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

There are about 7,000, and some are spoken by very few people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 are	expl
2	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	about	about	ADV	_	4 7,000	advmod
4	7,000	7000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 are	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 spoken	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 spoken	cc
7	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	9 spoken	nsubj:pass
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 spoken	aux:pass
9	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 are	parataxis
10	by	by	ADP	_	13 people	case
11	very	very	ADV	_	12 few	advmod
12	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 people	amod
13	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 spoken	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be about	present	7,000			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	speak speech: other	present · passive	few people	some					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/46-countries-peoples-languages/t2/