Test 5 · Countries, peoples and languages of the world

Were there languages in North America and Australia before English arrived?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: languages · What happens: be

This is test 5 of lesson 46 «Countries, peoples and languages of the world» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 arrived	cop
2	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	11 arrived	expl
3	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 arrived	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 America	case
5	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 America	compound
6	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 languages	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 Australia	cc
8	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 America	conj
9	before	before	ADP	_	10 English	case
10	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Australia	nmod
11	arrived	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	11 arrived	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	languages in North America and Australia before English			there		arrive property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Yes, many native languages

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 languages	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 languages	amod
4	native	native	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 languages	amod
5	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

No, people there had no languages at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 had	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 had	nsubj
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 had	advmod
5	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 languages	det
7	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 had	obj
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	people	no languages		all; there			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Only one language was spoken in each land

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 one	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 language	nummod
3	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 spoken	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 spoken	aux:pass
5	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 land	case
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	8 land	det
8	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 spoken	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	past · passive		one language		each land			tree rules

Option 4

No, those lands were empty until English came

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 empty	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	4 lands	det
4	lands	land	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 empty	nsubj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 empty	cop
6	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	until	until	SCONJ	_	9 came	mark
8	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 came	nsubj
9	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 empty	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	that lands					empty property	tree rules
2	come	past	English						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/46-countries-peoples-languages/t5/