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Exam question 4 · The Sun as a star and the stars

It is given that one star appears blue and another red. Ascertain which inference is warranted.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: one star, you · What happens: give, appear, ascertain, warrant · To what, where: It, inference

This is exam question 4 of lesson 5 «The Sun as a star and the stars» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that one star appears blue and another red.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 appears	mark
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 star	nummod
6	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 appears	nsubj
7	appears	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
8	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 appears	xcomp
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 red	cc
10	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	11 red	det
11	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 blue	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	appear	present	one star					blue property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain which inference is warranted.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	3 inference	det
3	inference	inference	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 warranted	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 warranted	aux:pass
5	warranted	warrant	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Ascertain	ccomp
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here						vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	warrant	present · passive		which inference					tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The red star possesses the higher temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 star	det
2	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 star	amod
3	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 possesses	nsubj
4	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 temperature	det
6	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 temperature	amod
7	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 possesses	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the red star	the higher temperature					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot temperature=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The blue star possesses the higher temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 star	det
2	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 star	amod
3	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 possesses	nsubj
4	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 temperature	det
6	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 temperature	amod
7	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 possesses	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the blue star	the higher temperature					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot temperature=Theme

Option 3

Both stars possess an identical temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 stars	det
2	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possess	nsubj
3	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 temperature	det
5	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 temperature	amod
6	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possess	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	both stars	a identical temperature					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot temperature=Theme

Option 4

The colour bears no relation to temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 bears	det
2	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bears	compound
3	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 relation	det
5	relation	relation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bears	conj
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 temperature	case
7	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 relation	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/5-the-sun-and-the-stars/e4/