Exam question 3 · Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts
Which of the following is designated by the term rain shadow?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: following · What happens: follow, designate
This is exam question 3 of lesson 50 «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 following | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 following | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 following | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 designated | csubj:pass |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 designated | aux:pass |
| 6 | designated | designate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 shadow | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 shadow | det |
| 9 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 rain | compound |
| 10 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 shadow | compound |
| 11 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 designated | obl |
| 12 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 designated | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | designate | present · passive | following | by the rain shadow | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The dry side of a mountain range
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 side | det |
| 2 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 side | amod |
| 3 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 range | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 range | det |
| 6 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 range | compound |
| 7 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 side | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
A region of perpetual cloud
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 region | det |
| 2 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 cloud | case |
| 4 | perpetual | perpetual | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cloud | compound |
| 5 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 region | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
The wet side of a mountain range
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 side | det |
| 2 | wet | wet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 side | amod |
| 3 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 range | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 range | det |
| 6 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 range | compound |
| 7 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 side | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
The shade cast by a raincloud
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 shade | det |
| 2 | shade | shade | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | cast | cast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 shade | acl |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 raincloud | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 raincloud | det |
| 6 | raincloud | raincloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cast | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cast | participle | the shade not said here | by a raincloud | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent by raincloud=Destination |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/e3/